In recent years, the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia has extended beyond traditional military and economic domains into the realm of soft power. This new front in their longstanding competition is characterized by efforts to influence cultural, educational, and societal aspects within the region and beyond. The thawing of diplomatic relations between the two nations has not diminished their rivalry; instead, it has shifted to a more subtle and strategic battleground.
Iran and Saudi Arabia have both invested heavily in cultural diplomacy as a means to extend their influence. Iran, with its rich historical and cultural heritage, has focused on promoting Persian culture and language through various cultural centers and educational programs worldwide. These initiatives aim to foster a positive image of Iran and counter negative perceptions stemming from its political and economic challenges.
Saudi Arabia, on the other hand, has leveraged its financial resources to promote its cultural and religious values. The Kingdom has funded numerous cultural projects, including the construction of mosques and Islamic centers in various countries. These efforts are part of a broader strategy to position Saudi Arabia as the leader of the Islamic world and to counter Iran’s influence in the region.
Both countries have also utilized media as a tool for cultural diplomacy. Iran’s state-run media outlets, such as Press TV, broadcast content that highlights Iran’s achievements and promotes its narrative on regional and global issues. Similarly, Saudi Arabia has invested in media channels like Al Arabiya to project its viewpoints and counter Iran’s influence.
Educational Initiatives and Soft Power
Education has emerged as a key component of the soft power rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Iran has established numerous scholarships and exchange programs to attract students from around the world to its universities. These initiatives not only enhance Iran’s soft power but also create a network of individuals who are familiar with and potentially sympathetic to Iranian culture and values.
Saudi Arabia has also prioritized education as a means of extending its influence. The Kingdom has invested in prestigious universities and research institutions, attracting students and academics from across the globe. Additionally, Saudi Arabia offers generous scholarships to international students, fostering goodwill and creating a positive image of the country.
Both nations have also sought to influence educational curricula in other countries. Iran has provided educational materials that promote its cultural and religious values, while Saudi Arabia has funded the development of curricula that align with its interpretation of Islam. These efforts are aimed at shaping the perspectives of future generations and extending their influence beyond their borders.
Societal Aspirations and Regional Leadership
The soft power rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia is also evident in their efforts to shape societal aspirations and regional leadership. Iran has positioned itself as a champion of resistance against Western influence and a defender of oppressed peoples in the region. This narrative resonates with various groups and movements, enhancing Iran’s soft power and influence.
Saudi Arabia, in contrast, has focused on modernization and economic development as key aspects of its soft power strategy. The Kingdom’s Vision 2030 initiative aims to transform Saudi Arabia into a global economic powerhouse and a hub for innovation and tourism. By showcasing its progress and development, Saudi Arabia seeks to attract investment and enhance its regional and global standing.
Both countries have also engaged in humanitarian efforts to bolster their soft power. Iran has provided aid and support to various countries and communities, particularly in times of crisis. Saudi Arabia has similarly engaged in humanitarian initiatives, leveraging its financial resources to provide assistance and support to those in need.
